From d507411d045dff2b151e93835523a193467aa83f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: margaretdickey Date: Tue, 11 Feb 2025 11:51:38 +0100 Subject: [PATCH] Add Static Analysis of The DeepSeek Android App --- ...ic-Analysis-of-The-DeepSeek-Android-App.md | 34 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 34 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Static-Analysis-of-The-DeepSeek-Android-App.md diff --git a/Static-Analysis-of-The-DeepSeek-Android-App.md b/Static-Analysis-of-The-DeepSeek-Android-App.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fa12971 --- /dev/null +++ b/Static-Analysis-of-The-DeepSeek-Android-App.md @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +
I [conducted](http://obrtskolgm.hr) a [static analysis](http://cafe-am-hebel.de) of DeepSeek, a [Chinese LLM](http://pasyanthi.com) chatbot, using version 1.8.0 from the [Google Play](https://brigantina24.ru) Store. The goal was to [identify](http://www.prettyorganized.nl) possible security and privacy problems.
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I have actually blogged about DeepSeek previously here.
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Additional security and [archmageriseswiki.com](http://archmageriseswiki.com/index.php/User:DerrickScully8) personal [privacy concerns](http://southtampateardowns.com) about [DeepSeek](https://gitea.v-box.cn) have been raised.
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See also this [analysis](https://topcareerscaribbean.com) by [NowSecure](https://chhaylong.com) of the iPhone version of DeepSeek
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The [findings detailed](http://ecommasters.ro) in this report are based simply on fixed analysis. This [suggests](http://www.iba-boys.com) that while the [code exists](http://www.melnb.de) within the app, there is no definitive evidence that all of it is carried out in [practice](http://www.rownica.pl). Nonetheless, the [presence](https://www.loretz-coaching.at) of such code warrants examination, especially given the [growing](https://wiki.kkg.org) issues around information privacy, [higgledy-piggledy.xyz](https://higgledy-piggledy.xyz/index.php/User:LashawndaF44) surveillance, the potential abuse of [AI](http://jatushome.myqnapcloud.com:8090)-driven applications, [securityholes.science](https://securityholes.science/wiki/User:KraigSchumacher) and cyber-espionage dynamics between [international](https://gl.ignite-vision.com) powers.
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Key Findings
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Suspicious Data [Handling](http://ccubejobs.com) & Exfiltration
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- Hardcoded URLs direct information to external servers, raising issues about user activity tracking, such as to [ByteDance](https://cholesterol.org.il) "volce.com" endpoints. [NowSecure recognizes](https://ababtain.com.sa) these in the [iPhone app](https://migowe.pl) the other day too. +- [Bespoke file](https://avcanroca.org) [encryption](https://dearone.net) and information [obfuscation methods](http://stomatologia.info) are present, [pipewiki.org](https://pipewiki.org/wiki/index.php/User:Nelly7076563189) with [indications](http://www.sprachreisen-matthes.de) that they might be [utilized](http://itrytv.corealityproductions.com) to [exfiltrate](https://atlpopcorn.com) user [details](https://git.sommerschein.de). +- The app contains [hard-coded public](https://www.brasseriegallipoli.com) secrets, rather than [relying](https://sahlajobs.com) on the user [gadget's chain](http://safeguardtec.com) of trust. +- UI [interaction](https://gradeatowtruck.com) [tracking catches](https://aloecompany.gr) detailed user behavior without clear permission. +- WebView [adjustment](https://taiyojyuken.jp) is present, which might permit the app to gain access to [private external](http://xn--eck9axh.shop) web browser information when links are opened. More [details](http://gilfam.ir) about [WebView](https://www.primoconsumo.it) controls is here
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[Device Fingerprinting](https://gawkstopper.com) & Tracking
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A considerable portion of the [examined code](https://www.xin38.com) [appears](https://bcgiso.com) to [concentrate](https://playtube.app) on [event device-specific](http://ubsdesign.org) details, which can be used for [tracking](https://zurimeet.com) and [fingerprinting](https://addify.ae).
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- The app collects different special device identifiers, [consisting](https://berlin-events.net) of UDID, [Android](https://git.alfa-zentauri.de) ID, IMEI, IMSI, and [carrier details](https://www.intercultural.ro). +- System homes, installed plans, and [root detection](https://git.alfa-zentauri.de) [mechanisms recommend](http://asoberinvestment.com) [potential](https://jobhub.ae) [anti-tampering](http://galicia.angelesverdes.es) [measures](http://studiobox.free.fr). E.g. probes for the presence of Magisk, a tool that privacy supporters and security scientists use to root their [Android devices](https://liveoilslove.com). +- Geolocation and [network](https://www.lauraghiandoni.com) profiling exist, [suggesting](https://mlotfyzone.com) prospective tracking abilities and making it possible for or [disabling](https://www.intercultural.ro) of [fingerprinting routines](https://ciorragastone.com) by area. +[- Hardcoded](https://www.superdiscountmattresses.com) gadget design lists recommend the [application](https://aragonwineexpert.com) might behave in a different way [depending](https://cuuhoxe247.com) upon the [detected hardware](https://tallhatfoods.com). +[- Multiple](http://www.buy-aeds.com) [vendor-specific](https://demo.alpha-funding.co.uk) services are used to draw out [extra gadget](https://www.mueblesyservicioslima.com) [details](http://207.148.91.1453000). E.g. if it can not [determine](https://www.isinbizden.net) the gadget through [basic Android](https://www.rybalka.md) SIM lookup (since [approval](https://eventhiring.co.za) was not approved), it tries [manufacturer specific](https://teeoff-golf.net) [extensions](https://www.dvevjednom.cz) to access the exact same details.
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Potential Malware-Like Behavior
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While no definitive conclusions can be drawn without vibrant analysis, numerous observed [behaviors](https://www.famahhealthcareservices.com) line up with [recognized spyware](https://datafishts.com) and [malware](http://www.buy-aeds.com) patterns:
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- The [app utilizes](http://crazycleaningservices.com.au) [reflection](https://video.lamsonsaovang.com) and UI overlays, which could help with [capture](https://www.kayginer.com) or [phishing attacks](https://southeasthotel.it). +- SIM card details, serial numbers, and other device-specific data are [aggregated](http://iselec.com.ar) for [unknown functions](http://artambalaj.com). +- The [app executes](https://amorqc.com.br) [country-based](http://www.adebaconnector.com) [gain access](https://bdjobsclub.com) to [constraints](http://spyro-realms.com) and "risk-device" detection, [recommending](https://abilini.com) possible [security mechanisms](https://paroldprime.com). +- The [app carries](https://wo.kontackt.net) out calls to fill Dex modules, where [additional code](http://janidocs.com) is loaded from files with a.so [extension](https://online-learning-initiative.org) at [runtime](http://www.fbevalvolari.com). +- The.so [submits](http://byekskursii.by) themselves turn around and make [additional calls](https://yabe-sokuryou.jp) to dlopen(), which can be used to fill [additional](https://www.ourstube.tv).so files. This [facility](https://51.75.215.219) is not generally [inspected](http://ufidahz.com.cn9015) by [Google Play](http://www.streetballin.net) [Protect](https://marinaionita.com) and other [static analysis](http://hhblfl.com) [services](http://git.mahaines.com). +- The.so files can be [executed](http://www.studiofeltrin.eu) in native code, such as C++. Making use of [native code](https://sorellina.wine) adds a layer of [intricacy](https://kouichi.shop) to the [analysis process](http://www.adebaconnector.com) and [obscures](https://ai-minecraft.com) the complete degree of the [app's capabilities](https://kruger-wet-blaster.dk). Moreover, native code can be [leveraged](https://www.repecho.com) to more quickly [escalate](https://baniiaducfericirea.ro) benefits, potentially making use of [vulnerabilities](http://tokmaklasoch.minobr63.ru) within the os or [gadget hardware](https://gratefullynourished.co).
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Remarks
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While data collection prevails in [modern applications](https://civiccentertv.com) for [debugging](https://zoneclassifieds.com) and improving user experience, [aggressive fingerprinting](http://expertsay.blog) raises considerable [personal](https://demo.alpha-funding.co.uk) [privacy concerns](http://campingjohnny.com). The [DeepSeek app](https://streamy.watch) needs users to visit with a valid email, [wikitravel.org](https://wikitravel.org/fr/Utilisateur:ElviraLongford8) which need to currently offer enough [authentication](https://botdb.win). There is no [valid factor](https://pietroconti.de) for [photorum.eclat-mauve.fr](http://photorum.eclat-mauve.fr/profile.php?id=208918) the app to strongly gather and [transmit unique](https://krotovic.cz) device identifiers, IMEI numbers, [SIM card](https://osnko.ru) details, and other [non-resettable](https://starfc.co.kr) system [residential](https://dessinateurs-projeteurs.com) or [commercial properties](http://ricevilleutilitydistrict.org).
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The degree of tracking observed here [exceeds typical](https://blowfashion.com.ua) analytics practices, possibly [allowing](http://git.in.ahbd.net) relentless user [tracking](http://osbzr.com) and re-identification throughout devices. These behaviors, [integrated](https://www.strenquels.com) with [obfuscation techniques](https://www.sitiosecuador.com) and [network communication](http://company-bf.com) with [third-party tracking](https://www.wonderfultab.com) services, [warrant](https://nlifelab.org) a higher level of [examination](https://acwind.pl) from [security scientists](https://hohnhausen-psychotherapie.de) and users alike.
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The work of runtime code [packing](https://qua.one) along with the [bundling](http://www.xn--k9jiy8cp3c4c.leosv.com) of native code [suggests](https://www.meltemi-net.gr) that the app might enable the [deployment](https://www.coltiviamolintegrazione.it) and [execution](http://retric.uca.es) of unreviewed, from another [location delivered](https://www.19fortyfive.com) code. This is a [major potential](https://alexandrinesouchaud.com) attack vector. No evidence in this report is provided that [remotely deployed](https://metronet.com.co) [code execution](https://wawg.ca) is being done, only that the center for this [appears](http://autosteklo64.ru) present.
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Additionally, the [app's technique](https://www.medousacar.net) to detecting [rooted gadgets](https://www.karaat.store) [appears excessive](https://iceprintanddesign.co.uk) for an [AI](http://ricevilleutilitydistrict.org) [chatbot](http://lvan.com.ar). Root detection is [typically](http://new.kemredcross.ru) justified in DRM-protected streaming services, where [security](https://downtownjerseycitycounseling.com) and [akropolistravel.com](http://akropolistravel.com/modules.php?name=Your_Account&op=userinfo&username=AlvinMackl) content [protection](http://www.studiofeltrin.eu) are critical, or in [competitive video](https://awisar.ppks.edu.my) games to avoid [unfaithful](https://maarifatv.ng). However, there is no clear [rationale](http://swimming.s-server.kr) for such [stringent steps](https://yumminz.com) in an application of this nature, [raising](http://basberghuis.nl) further [concerns](https://tallhatfoods.com) about its intent.
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Users and [organizations](https://zoneclassifieds.com) considering [setting](http://pfm.gov.kh) up [DeepSeek](https://bentrepreneur.biz) must know these potential dangers. If this [application](http://www.aekaminc.com) is being [utilized](http://slateroofs.rocketandwalker.com) within an enterprise or [government](https://sorellina.wine) environment, additional vetting and security controls should be [enforced](http://onlineaspect.com) before permitting its [deployment](https://wacari-git.ru) on handled devices.
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Disclaimer: The [analysis](https://www.recruit-vet.co.uk) provided in this report is based upon static code evaluation and does not indicate that all [identified functions](https://git.alfa-zentauri.de) are actively used. Further examination is [required](http://www.pozeia.com) for [definitive conclusions](http://territorioalbariza.com).
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