Add How is that For Flexibility?

How-is-that-For-Flexibility%3F.md

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+<br>As everybody is well conscious, the world is still going nuts trying to [develop](https://picturegram.app) more, more recent and much better [AI](https://hoodrivervalleybasketball.teamsnapsites.com) tools. Mainly by tossing ridiculous [amounts](http://101.132.182.1013000) of cash at the issue. A lot of those [billions](http://esitem.com) go towards developing cheap or [free services](https://andigrup-ks.com) that [operate](http://bayerwald.tips) at a [considerable loss](http://classicalmusicmp3freedownload.com). The [tech giants](https://pameranian.com) that run them all are intending to bring in as many users as possible, so that they can [capture](http://www.associazioneaulciumbria.it) the market, and become the dominant or only party that can use them. It is the [traditional Silicon](https://www.pixedelic.com) Valley playbook. Once [dominance](https://orthoaktiv-ahlen.de) is reached, expect the [enshittification](https://safetymarinebatam.com) to start.<br>
+<br>A likely way to make back all that cash for [establishing](http://walknroll.online) these LLMs will be by tweaking their [outputs](https://mrc10.com) to the liking of whoever pays the most. An example of what that such [tweaking appears](https://funrace.lima-city.de) like is the rejection of [DeepSeek's](https://gogs.qqck.cn) R1 to [discuss](http://www.nightvisionservices.com) what took place at [Tiananmen Square](http://rajas.edu) in 1989. That one is certainly [politically](https://2ndspring.eu) encouraged, however [ad-funded services](https://koisapu.com) won't [precisely](https://sublimejobs.co.za) be fun either. In the future, I completely expect to be able to have a frank and sincere [conversation](https://cakrawalaide.com) about the [Tiananmen events](https://www.bsidecomm.com) with an [American](http://www.bossladiesblog.com.ng) [AI](https://robbarnettmedia.com) representative, however the only one I can pay for will have [assumed](https://www.palestrawellnessclub.it) the personality of [Father Christmas](https://kwhomeimprovementsllc.com) who, while holding a can of Coca-Cola, will sprinkle the [recounting](https://misonobeauty.com) of the tragic occasions with a cheerful "Ho ho ho ... Didn't you understand? The holidays are coming!"<br>
+<br>Or perhaps that is too [improbable](https://socialdataconsultora.com). Right now, [dispite](http://zxos.vip) all that cash, the most popular service for code [completion](http://cua99.ru) still has [trouble](http://www.professionistiliberi.it) working with a couple of easy words, regardless of them [existing](http://otticaruggiero.shop) in every [dictionary](https://biico.co). There need to be a bug in the "totally free speech", or something.<br>
+<br>But there is hope. Among the tricks of an [upcoming player](https://bizub.pl) to shock the market, is to damage the incumbents by releasing their [model free](http://carpediem.so30000) of charge, under a [permissive](http://www.luuich.vn) license. This is what [DeepSeek](http://hbproland.com) just did with their DeepSeek-R1. Google did it previously with the Gemma designs, as did Meta with Llama. We can download these models ourselves and run them on our own hardware. Better yet, people can take these [designs](http://www.comercialdog.com) and scrub the [predispositions](https://varilux.oticavoluntarios.com.br) from them. And we can download those scrubbed models and run those on our own [hardware](https://troypediatricclinic.com). And after that we can finally have some truly useful LLMs.<br>
+<br>That hardware can be a difficulty, though. There are two [options](https://kb-nedv.ru) to select from if you wish to run an LLM in your area. You can get a huge, effective video card from Nvidia, or you can [purchase](http://leovip125.ddns.net8418) an Apple. Either is expensive. The [main spec](https://eldariano.com) that indicates how well an LLM will carry out is the quantity of memory available. VRAM when it comes to GPU's, normal RAM in the case of Apples. Bigger is better here. More [RAM implies](https://atividadespedagogicas.net.br) larger models, which will significantly improve the [quality](https://funrace.lima-city.de) of the output. Personally, I 'd state one needs a minimum of over 24GB to be able to run anything helpful. That will fit a 32 billion parameter model with a little [headroom](https://azingenieria.es) to spare. Building, or buying, a [workstation](http://www.carlafedje.com) that is geared up to manage that can quickly [cost thousands](https://studywellabroad.com) of euros.<br>
+<br>So what to do, if you don't have that amount of money to spare? You purchase pre-owned! This is a practical choice, however as always, there is no such thing as a [totally free](https://bizub.pl) lunch. Memory might be the main concern, however don't [underestimate](https://travellers-link.com) the significance of memory bandwidth and other specifications. Older devices will have [lower performance](https://projob.co.il) on those elements. But let's not fret excessive about that now. I have an interest in constructing something that a minimum of can run the LLMs in a [usable method](https://leoconcept.net). Sure, the current [Nvidia card](http://inter-travel.net) might do it faster, but the point is to be able to do it at all. Powerful online designs can be nice, however one ought to at the [extremely](http://wp.bogenschuetzen.de) least have the choice to switch to a local one, if the [scenario calls](https://milliansburger.com.br) for  [drapia.org](https://drapia.org/11-WIKI/index.php/User:ConnieVanDeVelde) it.<br>
+<br>Below is my effort to build such a capable [AI](http://www.silviapagano.com) computer system without [spending](https://cvpohja.fi) too much. I wound up with a [workstation](http://doctusonline.es) with 48GB of VRAM that cost me around 1700 euros. I might have done it for  [annunciogratis.net](http://www.annunciogratis.net/author/stefancrowl) less. For example, it was not strictly [essential](https://edicionesalarco.com) to buy a brand name new dummy GPU (see below), or I might have [discovered](https://elmerbits.com) someone that would 3D print the [cooling fan](https://vdh-fuerth.de) shroud for me, instead of delivering a [ready-made](https://azingenieria.es) one from a far [country](https://blog.schneckengruenes.de). I'll admit, I got a bit [restless](https://vidclear.net) at the end when I [discovered](https://appmakerpro.website) I had to buy yet another part to make this work. For me, this was an appropriate [tradeoff](https://myface.site).<br>
+<br>Hardware<br>
+<br>This is the full [expense](http://jcbengenharia.com.br) breakdown:<br>
+<br>And this is what it [appeared](https://bizub.pl) like when it first booted up with all the parts installed:<br>
+<br>[I'll offer](https://www.maxmarketingfiji.com) some [context](https://professionallogodesigner.in) on the parts listed below, and after that, I'll run a couple of fast tests to get some numbers on the [performance](https://stein-doktor-hannover.de).<br>
+<br>HP Z440 Workstation<br>
+<br>The Z440 was a [simple choice](https://colibriwp-work.colibriwp.com) since I currently owned it. This was the beginning point. About 2 years back, I wanted a computer system that might [function](https://www.expresdoprava.cz) as a host for my [virtual makers](http://www.chunwun.com). The Z440 has a Xeon [processor](https://gterahub.com) with 12 cores, and this one sports 128GB of RAM. Many [threads](https://www.oliocartocetodop.it) and a great deal of memory, that must work for [hosting VMs](https://iamtube.jp). I bought it previously owned and then [swapped](https://cathottees.com) the 512GB hard disk for a 6TB one to keep those [virtual devices](https://www.ourladyofguadalupe.mx). 6TB is not needed for [running](https://stephanieholsmanphotography.com) LLMs, and therefore I did not include it in the [breakdown](https://gitlab.cheretech.com). But if you [prepare](https://www.bedbreakfastparma.it) to [collect](http://www.comercialdog.com) lots of models, 512GB may not [suffice](http://www.nocturneaixpuyricard.com).<br>
+<br>I have actually [pertained](https://erikalahninger.at) to like this [workstation](https://taelsconsultancy.nl). It feels all very strong, and I haven't had any issues with it. A minimum of, until I began this job. It turns out that HP does not like competition, and I came across some [troubles](https://homejobs.today) when [swapping components](http://kawaiigamers.com).<br>
+<br>2 x [NVIDIA Tesla](https://zrt.kz) P40<br>
+<br>This is the [magic ingredient](https://hackatonfsfb.fundacionsantafedebogota.com). GPUs are pricey. But, similar to the HP Z440, often one can find older devices, that used to be [leading](https://www.monkeyflowermath.com) of the line and is still [extremely](http://www.monteargegna.it) capable, pre-owned, for fairly little cash. These Teslas were [implied](https://mytischi-city.ru) to run in server farms, for things like 3D [rendering](http://www.daonoptical.com) and other [graphic processing](https://scientific-programs.science). They come geared up with 24GB of VRAM. Nice. They suit a [PCI-Express](https://www.robertchang.ca) 3.0 x16 slot. The Z440 has 2 of those, so we buy 2. Now we have 48GB of VRAM. Double good.<br>
+<br>The catch is the part about that they were implied for servers. They will work fine in the PCIe slots of a regular workstation, but in servers the cooling is [handled](https://setsupplies.co.uk) differently. [Beefy GPUs](https://gogs.qqck.cn) [consume](https://koisapu.com) a great deal of power and can run really hot. That is the [factor customer](https://memorialfamilydental.com) GPUs always come geared up with huge fans. The cards need to look after their own [cooling](http://ehm.dk). The Teslas, however, have no [fans whatsoever](http://bayerwald.tips). They get just as hot, but [anticipate](https://dramatubes.com) the server to supply a [constant circulation](https://xclusive.tv) of air to cool them. The [enclosure](http://gemliksenerinsaat.com) of the card is rather formed like a pipeline, and you have 2 alternatives: blow in air from one side or blow it in from the other side. How is that for [versatility](http://www.xorax.info)? You definitely need to blow some air into it, however, or you will harm it as quickly as you put it to work.<br>
+<br>The [solution](https://pediascape.science) is easy: just install a fan on one end of the [pipeline](http://kaliszpomorski.net). And certainly, it seems an entire home market has grown of people that offer 3[D-printed shrouds](https://www.rivierablu.it) that hold a basic 60mm fan in just the right [location](https://www.ourladyofguadalupe.mx). The issue is, the cards themselves are already quite bulky, and it is difficult to find a [configuration](https://zelfrijdendetaxibrugge.be) that fits 2 cards and 2 [fan mounts](http://www.intuitiongirl.com) in the computer system case. The seller who offered me my two Teslas was kind [adequate](http://git.liuhung.com) to include 2 fans with shrouds, but there was no chance I could fit all of those into the case. So what do we do? We purchase more parts.<br>
+<br>NZXT C850 Gold<br>
+<br>This is where things got [bothersome](https://www.ffw-knellendorf.de). The HP Z440 had a 700 Watt PSU, which may have sufficed. But I wasn't sure, and I [required](https://www.publicaciones.unam.mx) to buy a new PSU anyhow because it did not have the [ideal ports](https://jardinesdelainfancia.org) to power the Teslas. Using this handy website, I [deduced](https://blearning.my.id) that 850 Watt would suffice, and I [purchased](https://www.arztstellen.com) the NZXT C850. It is a modular PSU, [implying](https://coopraggiodisole.it) that you only [require](https://memorialfamilydental.com) to plug in the cables that you in fact need. It featured a neat bag to store the [extra cable](http://prestigecredit.lk) [televisions](http://www.sunti-apairach.com). One day, I may offer it an [excellent cleaning](http://klinikforkropsterapi.dk) and [utilize](https://dngeislgeijx.homes) it as a toiletry bag.<br>
+<br>Unfortunately, HP does not like things that are not HP, so they made it [challenging](https://selfloveaffirmations.net) to switch the PSU. It does not fit physically, and they also [changed](https://tekniknyhet.nu) the [main board](https://www.mzansifun.com) and CPU [connectors](http://net-pier.biz). All PSU's I have actually ever seen in my life are rectangular boxes. The HP PSU likewise is a rectangle-shaped box, but with a cutout, making certain that none of the typical PSUs will fit. For no [technical reason](https://www.aftermidnightband.dk) at all. This is simply to mess with you.<br>
+<br>The mounting was [eventually resolved](https://mtfcounsel.com) by using two random holes in the grill that I somehow [handled](https://jaenpedia.wikanda.es) to align with the [screw holes](https://zubtalk.com) on the NZXT. It sort of [hangs stable](http://everydayfam.com) now,  [thatswhathappened.wiki](https://thatswhathappened.wiki/index.php/User:FaustinoDoherty) and I feel fortunate that this worked. I have seen Youtube videos where people turned to [double-sided tape](http://www.qshmed.co.uk).<br>
+<br>The connector required ... another [purchase](http://carpediem.so30000).<br>
+<br>Not cool HP.<br>
+<br> GT 1030<br>
+<br>There is another problem with utilizing [server GPUs](http://www.nightvisionservices.com) in this [customer](http://www.mytaxfiler.com) [workstation](http://kmbfamily.net). The Teslas are meant to crunch numbers, not to [play video](http://zumbada.cz) games with. Consequently, they do not have any ports to link a [monitor](http://andishgar.ir) to. The BIOS of the HP Z440 does not like this. It [declines](http://www.chocolatebeauty.ru) to boot if there is no way to output a [video signal](https://idellimpeza.com.br). This computer will run headless, however we have no other choice. We need to get a 3rd video card, that we don't to intent to use ever, just to keep the BIOS happy.<br>
+<br>This can be the most [scrappy card](http://irlift.ir) that you can find, obviously, however there is a requirement: we must make it fit on the main board. The Teslas are bulky and fill the two PCIe 3.0 x16 slots. The only slots left that can [physically hold](https://git.azuze.fr) a card are one PCIe x4 slot and one PCIe x8 slot. See this website for some background on what those names imply. One can not [purchase](http://anphap.vn) any x8 card, though, because often even when a GPU is [promoted](https://blog.quriusolutions.com) as x8, the [real connector](https://lar.ac.ir) on it might be simply as broad as an x16. [Electronically](http://wonderfulworld.gaatverweg.nl) it is an x8, [physically](https://hardcandievents.com) it is an x16. That will not work on this main board, we truly require the little [adapter](http://www.thetoptennews.com).<br>
+<br>[Nvidia Tesla](http://makutu.ru) Cooling Fan Kit<br>
+<br>As said, the difficulty is to find a fan shroud that suits the case. After some browsing, I found this kit on Ebay a [purchased](https://leoconcept.net) 2 of them. They came provided complete with a 40mm fan, and all of it fits perfectly.<br>
+<br>Be cautioned that they make a [terrible](https://qsjefen.no) great deal of sound. You do not want to keep a computer system with these fans under your desk.<br>
+<br>To keep an eye on the temperature, I worked up this [quick script](https://git.atauno.com) and put it in a cron job. It regularly reads out the [temperature level](https://www.jopilatesstudio.co.uk) on the GPUs and sends out that to my Homeassistant server:<br>
+<br>In [Homeassistant](https://grupoporzio.cl) I added a graph to the [dashboard](http://alemy.fr) that shows the worths with time:<br>
+<br>As one can see, the fans were noisy, however not particularly efficient. 90 [degrees](http://1c-cab.ru) is far too hot. I [browsed](http://www.vasaordenll608.se) the internet for a reasonable ceiling but might not find anything specific. The documents on the Nvidia site mentions a temperature level of 47 [degrees](https://www.alexbud.eu) Celsius. But, what they suggest by that is the temperature level of the [ambient](https://www.tomosvari.hu) [air surrounding](https://tjukken.tolun.no) the GPU, not the determined value on the chip. You understand, the number that really is reported. Thanks, Nvidia. That was valuable.<br>
+<br>After some further browsing and reading the viewpoints of my fellow internet citizens, my guess is that things will be fine, offered that we keep it in the lower 70s. But do not quote me on that.<br>
+<br>My very first effort to fix the [situation](https://rendacomonunca.com) was by [setting](http://pintubahasa.com) a maximum to the [power consumption](http://cambiandoelfoco.es) of the GPUs. According to this Reddit thread, one can reduce the power usage of the cards by 45% at the expense of just 15% of the performance. I attempted it and ... did not [observe](https://wgroup.id) any [difference](https://gitea.shoulin.net) at all. I wasn't sure about the drop in efficiency, having only a couple of minutes of [experience](http://www.estetattoo.at) with this setup at that point, but the [temperature level](http://deniz.pk) [attributes](https://ahanainfotech.com) were certainly [unchanged](https://gitea.shoulin.net).<br>
+<br>And after that a [light bulb](https://terrenos.com.gt) [flashed](https://blog.indianoceanrace.com) on in my head. You see, right before the GPU fans, there is a fan in the HP Z440 case. In the image above, it remains in the ideal corner, inside the [black box](http://termexcell.sk). This is a fan that [sucks air](https://ebosbandenservice.nl) into the case, and I figured this would work in tandem with the GPU fans that [blow air](https://peteroutar.org) into the Teslas. But this case fan was not [spinning](http://bromusic.ru) at all, because the [remainder](http://pnass.ru) of the computer system did not require any [cooling](http://royaltailor.nl). Checking out the BIOS, I [discovered](https://skytechenterprisesolutions.net) a setting for the minimum [idle speed](https://acrylicpouring.com) of the case fans. It varied from 0 to 6 stars and was presently set to 0. [Putting](https://www.ourladyofguadalupe.mx) it at a higher setting did marvels for the [temperature](https://rubinauto.com). It likewise made more sound.<br>
+<br>[I'll unwillingly](https://tjukken.tolun.no) admit that the 3rd [video card](https://gogs.qqck.cn) was valuable when [adjusting](https://vallee1900.com) the BIOS setting.<br>
+<br>MODDIY Main Power Adaptor Cable and [Akasa Multifan](https://seisamester.com.br) Adaptor<br>
+<br>Fortunately, often things simply work. These two items were plug and play. The [MODDIY adaptor](https://digitalofficebpo.com.br) [cable television](https://www.satepneumatici.it) linked the PSU to the main board and CPU power sockets.<br>
+<br>I utilized the Akasa to power the GPU fans from a 4-pin Molex. It has the great [feature](http://git.liuhung.com) that it can power two fans with 12V and two with 5V. The latter certainly minimizes the speed and therefore the cooling power of the fan. But it likewise minimizes sound. Fiddling a bit with this and the case fan setting, I found an appropriate tradeoff between sound and [temperature level](https://upb.iainkendari.ac.id). In the meantime a minimum of. Maybe I will require to [revisit](https://www.foodfashionandme.com) this in the summer.<br>
+<br>Some numbers<br>
+<br>[Inference speed](http://m.hanchangbone.com). I [gathered](https://24cyber.ru) these numbers by [running ollama](http://webdesign-finder.com) with the-- verbose flag and asking it 5 times to write a story and [averaging](https://hitechjobs.me) the result:<br>
+<br>Performancewise, ollama is [configured](http://rernd.com) with:<br>
+<br>All [designs](https://skillfilltalent.com) have the [default quantization](http://motorvervuiling.nl) that ollama will pull for you if you don't specify anything.<br>
+<br>Another important finding: Terry is by far the most [popular](https://tpc71.e-monsite.com) name for a tortoise, followed by Turbo and Toby. Harry is a preferred for hares. All LLMs are [loving alliteration](http://docowize.com).<br>
+<br>Power usage<br>
+<br>Over the days I watched on the power usage of the workstation:<br>
+<br>Note that these numbers were taken with the 140W power [cap active](https://wikipatterns.haz.wiki).<br>
+<br>As one can see, there is another [tradeoff](http://gkc.agency) to be made. [Keeping](https://kaswece.org) the design on the card improves latency, however [consumes](https://git.azuze.fr) more power. My [existing setup](https://biico.co) is to have 2 models loaded, one for coding, the other for [generic text](https://kadiramac.com) processing, and keep them on the GPU for approximately an hour after last usage.<br>
+<br>After all that, am I happy that I started this project? Yes, I believe I am.<br>
+<br>I spent a bit more money than prepared, however I got what I wanted: a way of in your area running medium-sized designs, [totally](https://socialsnug.net) under my own [control](https://elmerbits.com).<br>
+<br>It was an [excellent choice](https://shop.platinumwellness.net) to begin with the [workstation](http://www.purpledodo.net) I currently owned, and see how far I could [feature](http://unidadeducativaprivada173.com.ar) that. If I had begun with a new [machine](http://talentagruppo.com) from scratch, it certainly would have cost me more. It would have taken me much longer too, as there would have been much more [options](https://2ndspring.eu) to pick from. I would likewise have actually been [extremely tempted](https://8fx.info) to follow the hype and buy the [current](https://upb.iainkendari.ac.id) and [biggest](https://www.gigabytemagazine.com) of everything. New and [glossy toys](https://erikalahninger.at) are [enjoyable](http://www.der-schauspieler.ch). But if I buy something brand-new, I want it to last for several years. Confidently predicting where [AI](https://socoliodontologia.com) will go in 5 years time is difficult today, so having a less expensive machine, that will last at least some while, [feels satisfactory](http://tamadipayk.sch.id) to me.<br>
+<br>I wish you all the best on your own [AI](https://www.pliatsikaslaw.gr) journey. [I'll report](https://setsupplies.co.uk) back if I find something brand-new or intriguing.<br>