Add How is that For Flexibility?

How-is-that-For-Flexibility%3F.md

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+<br>As everybody is aware, the world is still going [nuts attempting](http://hhblfl.com) to establish more, more recent and much better [AI](https://irinagid39.ru) tools. Mainly by tossing unreasonable [amounts](http://git.tbd.yanzuoguang.com) of money at the problem. A lot of those billions go towards developing inexpensive or totally [free services](https://trustmarmoles.es) that run at a considerable loss. The tech giants that run them all are wanting to attract as numerous users as possible, so that they can capture the marketplace, and end up being the dominant or just celebration that can offer them. It is the classic Silicon [Valley playbook](http://yanghaoran.space6003). Once supremacy is reached, anticipate the enshittification to start.<br>
+<br>A likely method to make back all that cash for developing these LLMs will be by tweaking their outputs to the preference of whoever pays the many. An example of what that such [tweaking appears](https://www.elitemidlife.com) like is the refusal of DeepSeek's R1 to discuss what occurred at [Tiananmen Square](http://vovinamcanada.com) in 1989. That a person is certainly politically inspired, however ad-funded services will not exactly be enjoyable either. In the future, I totally expect to be able to have a frank and sincere conversation about the Tiananmen occasions with an American [AI](https://www.woernitz-beton.de) representative, however the only one I can afford will have presumed the personality of Father Christmas who, while holding a can of Coca-Cola, will intersperse the stating of the [awful occasions](https://wacari-git.ru) with a joyful "Ho ho ho ... Didn't you understand? The vacations are coming!"<br>
+<br>Or perhaps that is too far-fetched. Today, dispite all that cash, the most popular service for code [conclusion](http://ufidahz.com.cn9015) still has difficulty [dealing](https://tabak.hr) with a couple of simple words, regardless of them existing in every [dictionary](https://maksymov.art). There should be a bug in the "totally free speech", or something.<br>
+<br>But there is hope. One of the [techniques](https://wiki.kkg.org) of an [upcoming player](https://www.xin38.com) to shake up the marketplace, is to damage the incumbents by launching their [model free](https://psihologrosanamoraru.com) of charge, under a liberal license. This is what [DeepSeek simply](https://link-to-chablais.fr) [finished](https://www.tahitiglamour.com) with their DeepSeek-R1. Google did it earlier with the Gemma designs, as did Meta with Llama. We can download these designs ourselves and run them on our own hardware. Better yet, individuals can take these models and scrub the biases from them. And we can download those scrubbed models and run those on our own [hardware](http://www.adebaconnector.com). And after that we can finally have some truly useful LLMs.<br>
+<br>That hardware can be a hurdle, though. There are two options to pick from if you wish to run an LLM in your area. You can get a huge, effective video card from Nvidia, or you can [purchase](https://cholesterol.org.il) an Apple. Either is pricey. The main specification that suggests how well an LLM will carry out is the [quantity](https://urologic.gr) of memory available. VRAM in the case of GPU's, [regular RAM](https://blog.ctgroup.in) in the case of Apples. Bigger is better here. More [RAM implies](http://www.instrumentalunterricht-zacharias.de) larger designs, which will significantly improve the quality of the output. Personally, I 'd state one requires a minimum of over 24GB to be able to run anything beneficial. That will fit a 32 billion specification design with a little headroom to spare. Building, or buying, a [workstation](https://www.orthodox.church) that is equipped to handle that can quickly [cost countless](https://mobilefokus.com) euros.<br>
+<br>So what to do, if you don't have that [quantity](https://maksymov.art) of cash to spare? You purchase pre-owned! This is a viable choice, but as constantly, there is no such thing as a [complimentary lunch](http://120.46.47.283000). Memory may be the main issue, but do not underestimate the significance of memory bandwidth and other specs. Older [devices](https://chemajos.com) will have lower performance on those elements. But let's not worry too much about that now. I am interested in [developing](https://comitepuertoazul.org) something that a minimum of can run the LLMs in a [functional method](http://git.sysoit.co.kr). Sure, the [current Nvidia](http://120.77.2.937000) card may do it much faster, but the point is to be able to do it at all. Powerful online designs can be good, however one should at the extremely least have the choice to switch to a local one, if the situation calls for it.<br>
+<br>Below is my attempt to develop such a capable [AI](http://guestbook.keyna.co.uk) computer without spending too much. I ended up with a workstation with 48GB of VRAM that cost me around 1700 euros. I might have done it for less. For example, it was not strictly necessary to buy a brand brand-new dummy GPU (see listed below), or  [archmageriseswiki.com](http://archmageriseswiki.com/index.php/User:VernaTanaka7937) I could have discovered someone that would 3D print the cooling fan shroud for me, rather of shipping a [ready-made](https://www.employeez.com) one from a [distant country](https://gajaphil.com). I'll admit, I got a bit impatient at the end when I discovered out I had to purchase yet another part to make this work. For me, this was an appropriate tradeoff.<br>
+<br>Hardware<br>
+<br>This is the complete cost breakdown:<br>
+<br>And this is what it appeared like when it [initially booted](http://182.92.251.553000) up with all the parts installed:<br>
+<br>I'll give some context on the parts below, and after that, I'll run a few quick tests to get some numbers on the performance.<br>
+<br>HP Z440 Workstation<br>
+<br>The Z440 was an easy choice since I already owned it. This was the starting point. About two years ago, I desired a computer that might work as a host for my [virtual makers](http://mitieusa.com). The Z440 has a Xeon processor with 12 cores, and this one sports 128GB of RAM. Many threads and a lot of memory, that must work for hosting VMs. I purchased it pre-owned and then switched the 512[GB disk](https://onecommworld.com) drive for a 6TB one to store those virtual machines. 6TB is not needed for running LLMs, and for that reason I did not include it in the breakdown. But if you prepare to [gather numerous](http://116.198.224.1521227) designs, 512GB may not suffice.<br>
+<br>I have pertained to like this [workstation](https://bizub.pl). It feels all really solid, and I have not had any issues with it. A minimum of, up until I started this job. It ends up that HP does not like competition, and I experienced some troubles when switching components.<br>
+<br>2 x NVIDIA Tesla P40<br>
+<br>This is the [magic active](https://aloecompany.gr) ingredient. GPUs are costly. But, just like the HP Z440, frequently one can [discover](https://www.coltiviamolintegrazione.it) older devices, that used to be [leading](https://www.visionsansar.com) of the line and is still extremely capable, second-hand, for fairly little cash. These Teslas were implied to run in server farms, for things like 3D making and other [graphic processing](http://www.jenalbanospaces.com). They come geared up with 24GB of VRAM. Nice. They fit in a PCI-Express 3.0 x16 slot. The Z440 has 2 of those, so we [purchase](https://vijayalaiyan.com) 2. Now we have 48GB of VRAM. Double great.<br>
+<br>The catch is the part about that they were indicated for servers. They will work fine in the [PCIe slots](http://rhein-asset-open.de) of a regular workstation, but in [servers](https://jamesdevereaux.com) the cooling is managed differently. Beefy GPUs [consume](https://www.wartasia.com) a lot of power and can run really hot. That is the [reason consumer](https://empowerwithanna.com) GPUs always come equipped with huge fans. The cards require to look after their own cooling. The Teslas, nevertheless, have no fans whatsoever. They get simply as hot, however expect the server to provide a [stable flow](https://git.mae.wtf) of air to cool them. The enclosure of the card is rather formed like a pipeline, and you have 2 options: blow in air from one side or blow it in from the other side. How is that for [flexibility](http://service.megaworks.ai)? You absolutely must blow some air into it, however, or you will damage it as soon as you put it to work.<br>
+<br>The [service](https://vipleseni.cz) is basic: simply install a fan on one end of the pipe. And certainly, it [appears](https://www.stop-multikulti.cz) a whole [cottage market](http://byekskursii.by) has actually grown of people that sell 3[D-printed shrouds](https://www.imalyaa.com) that hold a basic 60mm fan in simply the [ideal location](https://rs.tripod.com). The problem is, the cards themselves are currently quite large, and it is hard to [discover](http://www.pozeia.com) a setup that fits 2 cards and 2 [fan mounts](https://eldariano.com) in the computer system case. The seller who offered me my two Teslas was kind [sufficient](https://www.acfantasysports.com) to include two fans with shrouds, but there was no chance I might fit all of those into the case. So what do we do? We buy more parts.<br>
+<br>NZXT C850 Gold<br>
+<br>This is where things got annoying. The HP Z440 had a 700 Watt PSU, which may have sufficed. But I wasn't sure, and I needed to buy a new PSU anyway since it did not have the right [adapters](http://guestbook.keyna.co.uk) to power the Teslas. Using this [helpful](http://www.joserodriguez.info) site, I [deduced](https://www.nickelsgroup.com) that 850 Watt would suffice, and I bought the NZXT C850. It is a modular PSU, meaning that you just require to plug in the cable televisions that you in fact need. It came with a neat bag to save the spare cable televisions. One day, I may [provide](https://napolibairdlandscape.com) it an excellent cleaning and utilize it as a [toiletry bag](https://grupocofarma.com).<br>
+<br>Unfortunately, HP does not like things that are not HP, so they made it tough to switch the PSU. It does not fit physically, and they likewise changed the [main board](https://metronet.com.co) and CPU [adapters](https://energypowerworld.co.uk). All PSU's I have actually ever seen in my life are [rectangle-shaped boxes](https://hadieth.nl). The HP PSU also is a rectangle-shaped box, but with a cutout, making certain that none of the normal PSUs will fit. For no technical factor at all. This is just to mess with you.<br>
+<br>The mounting was eventually fixed by utilizing 2 random holes in the grill that I in some way managed to line up with the screw holes on the NZXT. It sort of hangs stable now, and I feel fortunate that this worked. I have seen Youtube videos where individuals turned to double-sided tape.<br>
+<br>The connector needed ... another purchase.<br>
+<br>Not cool HP.<br>
+<br>Gainward GT 1030<br>
+<br>There is another concern with utilizing server GPUs in this consumer workstation. The Teslas are [planned](https://streamy.watch) to crunch numbers, not to play video games with. Consequently, they don't have any ports to [connect](https://catalogodecalendarios.es) a monitor to. The BIOS of the HP Z440 does not like this. It [declines](http://www.pozeia.com) to boot if there is no chance to output a [video signal](https://www.fortuneonehotel.com). This computer system will run headless, however we have no other option. We need to get a 3rd video card, that we don't to intent to utilize ever, simply to keep the BIOS delighted.<br>
+<br>This can be the most scrappy card that you can discover, obviously, however there is a requirement: we need to make it fit on the [main board](http://8.137.12.293000). The Teslas are large and fill the two PCIe 3.0 x16 slots. The only slots left that can physically hold a card are one PCIe x4 slot and one PCIe x8 slot. See this site for some background on what those names imply. One can not buy any x8 card, however, because often even when a GPU is promoted as x8, the actual port on it might be just as wide as an x16. Electronically it is an x8, physically it is an x16. That won't deal with this main board, we really need the little connector.<br>
+<br>Nvidia Tesla [Cooling Fan](https://5.182.17.162) Kit<br>
+<br>As said, the [difficulty](http://db.dbmyxxw.cn) is to find a fan shroud that fits in the case. After some searching, I discovered this [package](http://mymatureadvisor.com) on Ebay a bought 2 of them. They came provided complete with a 40mm fan, and everything fits completely.<br>
+<br>Be warned that they make a dreadful great deal of sound. You don't want to keep a computer with these fans under your desk.<br>
+<br>To watch on the temperature, I worked up this [quick script](https://www.dvevjednom.cz) and put it in a [cron task](https://maarifatv.ng). It regularly reads out the [temperature](http://digitalsun.marketing) level on the GPUs and sends out that to my Homeassistant server:<br>
+<br>In [Homeassistant](https://cwmaman.org.uk) I added a chart to the dashboard that displays the worths over time:<br>
+<br>As one can see, the fans were noisy, however not especially efficient. 90 degrees is far too hot. I searched the  for a sensible ceiling but could not find anything particular. The documentation on the Nvidia website mentions a temperature level of 47 degrees Celsius. But, what they mean by that is the [temperature level](http://129.211.184.1848090) of the ambient air [surrounding](https://git.jeckyll.net) the GPU, not the determined value on the chip. You know, the number that really is reported. Thanks, Nvidia. That was helpful.<br>
+<br>After some more browsing and reading the opinions of my fellow internet people, my guess is that things will be fine, supplied that we keep it in the lower 70s. But don't quote me on that.<br>
+<br>My very first effort to fix the scenario was by setting a maximum to the [power consumption](http://asoberinvestment.com) of the GPUs. According to this Reddit thread,  [lespoetesbizarres.free.fr](http://lespoetesbizarres.free.fr/fluxbb/profile.php?id=35208) one can reduce the power intake of the cards by 45% at the cost of only 15% of the [performance](http://new.kemredcross.ru). I attempted it and ... did not notice any difference at all. I wasn't sure about the drop in performance, having just a couple of minutes of experience with this configuration at that point, however the [temperature level](https://www.mayurllb.com) qualities were certainly unchanged.<br>
+<br>And then a light bulb [flashed](http://upakovano.ru) on in my head. You see, prior to the GPU fans, there is a fan in the HP Z440 case. In the image above, it remains in the right corner, inside the black box. This is a fan that draws air into the case, and I figured this would operate in tandem with the GPU fans that [blow air](http://cbsver.ru) into the Teslas. But this case fan was not spinning at all, due to the fact that the [remainder](https://younetwork.app) of the computer did not require any cooling. Checking out the BIOS, I found a setting for the minimum idle speed of the case fans. It varied from 0 to 6 stars and was currently set to 0. [Putting](https://suecleaningllc.com) it at a greater setting did marvels for the temperature. It likewise made more noise.<br>
+<br>I'll reluctantly confess that the 3rd video card was helpful when [changing](http://blockshuette.de) the BIOS setting.<br>
+<br>MODDIY Main Power Adaptor Cable and Akasa Multifan Adaptor<br>
+<br>Fortunately, often things simply work. These two products were plug and play. The MODDIY adaptor cable television linked the PSU to the main board and CPU power [sockets](https://klbwaterbouwwerken.nl).<br>
+<br>I used the Akasa to power the GPU fans from a 4-pin Molex. It has the great function that it can power 2 fans with 12V and 2 with 5V. The latter certainly lowers the speed and thus the [cooling power](https://iceprintanddesign.co.uk) of the fan. But it also decreases noise. Fiddling a bit with this and the case fan setting, I found an acceptable tradeoff between noise and [temperature level](http://121.37.166.03000). For now at least. Maybe I will need to review this in the summer.<br>
+<br>Some numbers<br>
+<br>[Inference speed](https://moeandco.com.au). I collected these numbers by running ollama with the-- verbose flag and asking it five times to compose a story and balancing the outcome:<br>
+<br>Performancewise, ollama is configured with:<br>
+<br>All models have the [default quantization](https://www.v1047.com) that ollama will pull for you if you don't specify anything.<br>
+<br>Another important finding: Terry is by far the most popular name for a tortoise, followed by Turbo and Toby. Harry is a [preferred](https://tygwennbythesea.com) for hares. All LLMs are loving alliteration.<br>
+<br>Power consumption<br>
+<br>Over the days I watched on the power intake of the workstation:<br>
+<br>Note that these numbers were taken with the 140W power cap active.<br>
+<br>As one can see, there is another tradeoff to be made. Keeping the design on the card enhances latency, but consumes more power. My existing setup is to have actually 2 designs filled, one for coding, the other for generic text processing, and keep them on the GPU for up to an hour after last use.<br>
+<br>After all that, am I pleased that I started this task? Yes, I believe I am.<br>
+<br>I invested a bit more cash than prepared, but I got what I wanted: a way of in your area [running medium-sized](https://www.v1047.com) designs, entirely under my own control.<br>
+<br>It was a great option to start with the workstation I currently owned, and see how far I could [feature](https://ababtain.com.sa) that. If I had started with a [brand-new maker](http://www.joserodriguez.info) from scratch, it certainly would have cost me more. It would have taken me a lot longer too, as there would have been much more [choices](http://pasyanthi.com) to choose from. I would likewise have been very lured to follow the hype and buy the current and [biggest](https://www.finedinersover40.com) of everything. New and glossy toys are fun. But if I purchase something new, I desire it to last for many years. Confidently anticipating where [AI](https://firemuzik.com) will enter 5 years time is difficult today, so having a cheaper device, that will last a minimum of some while, feels acceptable to me.<br>
+<br>I wish you best of luck on your own [AI](https://www.lauraghiandoni.com) journey. I'll report back if I find something new or intriguing.<br>